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The 2002 Pacific typhoon season was an active season, with many tropical cyclones affecting Japan and China. Every month had tropical activity, with most storms forming from July through October. Overall, there were 37 tropical depressions declared officially or unofficially, of which 26 became named storms; of those, there were 15 typhoons, which is the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, while 8 of the 15 typhoon intensified into super typhoons unofficially by the JTWC. The season began early with the first storm, Tapah, developing on January 10, east of the Philippines. Two months later, Typhoon Mitag became the first super typhoon ever to be recorded in March. In June, Typhoon Chataan dropped heavy rainfall in the Federated States of Micronesia, killing 48 people and becoming the deadliest natural disaster in the state of Chuuk. Chataan later left heavy damage in Guam before striking Japan. In August, Typhoon Rusa became the deadliest typhoon in South Korea in 43 years, causing 238 deaths and $4.2 billion in damage. Typhoon Higos in October was the third strongest typhoon to strike Tokyo since World War II. The final typhoon of the season was Typhoon Pongsona, which was one of the costliest storms on record in Guam; it did damage worth $700 million on the island before dissipating on December 11. The western Pacific basin covers the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 2002 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire Northwest Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number when classified by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), which can result in the same storm having two names; in these cases both storm names are given below, with the PAGASA name in parentheses. == Seasonal summary and predictions == ImageSize = width:988 height:229 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:2 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/2013 till:01/01/2014 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/01/2013 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1) legend:Tropical_Depression_=_<62_km/h_(<39_mph) id:TS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Tropical_Storm_=_63-88_km/h_(39-54_mph) id:ST value:rgb(0.80,1,1) legend:Severe_Tropical_Storm_=_89-117_km/h_(55-73_mph) id:TY value:rgb(0.99,0.69,0.6) legend:Typhoon_=_>118_km/h_(>74_mph) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:10/01/2013 till:14/01/2013 color:TS text:"Tapah" from:15/02/2013 till:16/02/2013 color:TD text:"TD" from:26/02/2013 till:09/03/2013 color:TY text:"Mitag" from:19/03/2013 till:23/03/2013 color:TD text:"Caloy" from:04/04/2013 till:08/04/2013 color:TD text:"04W" from:14/05/2013 till:20/05/2013 color:TY text:"Hagibis" from:28/05/2013 till:30/05/2013 color:TD text:"Dagul" from:04/06/2013 till:11/06/2013 color:ST text:"Noguri" from:28/06/2013 till:06/07/2013 color:TY text:"Rammasun" barset:break from:28/06/2013 till:11/07/2013 color:TY text:"Chataan" from:06/07/2013 till:16/07/2013 color:TY text:"Halong" from:07/07/2013 till:13/07/2013 color:ST text:"Nakri" from:13/07/2013 till:28/07/2013 color:TY text:"Fengshen" from:18/07/2013 till:23/07/2013 color:TS text:"Juan" from:18/07/2013 till:27/07/2013 color:TY text:"Fung-wong" from:20/07/2013 till:21/07/2013 color:TS text:"Kalmaegi" from:25/07/2013 till:26/07/2013 color:TD text:"TD" from:02/08/2013 till:07/08/2013 color:ST text:"Kammuri" barset:break from:03/08/2013 till:05/08/2013 color:TD text:"17W" from:10/08/2013 till:14/08/2013 color:TS text: barset:break barset:skip from:15/08/2013 till:20/08/2013 color:TS text:"Vongfong" from:11/08/2013 till:20/08/2013 color:TY text:"Phanfone" from:22/08/2013 till:01/09/2013 color:TY text:"Rusa" from:27/08/2013 till:09/09/2013 color:TY text:"Sinlaku" from:30/08/2013 till:10/09/2013 color:TY text:"Ele" from:09/09/2013 till:16/09/2013 color:TS text:"Hagupit" from:20/09/2013 till:22/09/2013 color:TS text:"Changmi" from:21/09/2013 till:22/09/2013 color:TD text:"TD" barset:break from:22/09/2013 till:28/09/2013 color:TS text:"Mekkhala" from:26/09/2013 till:02/10/2013 color:TY text:"Higos" from:08/10/2013 till:13/10/2013 color:ST text:"Bavi" from:12/10/2013 till:12/10/2013 color:TD text:"TD" from:17/10/2013 till:19/10/2013 color:TD text:"27W" from:19/10/2013 till:20/10/2013 color:TD text:"28W" from:26/10/2013 till:30/10/2013 color:ST text:"Maysak" from:03/11/2013 till:07/11/2013 color:TY text:"Huko" from:20/11/2013 till:25/11/2013 color:TY text:"Haishen" barset:break from:02/12/2013 till:11/12/2013 color:TY text:"Pongsona" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/01/2013 till:01/02/2013 text:January from:01/02/2013 till:01/03/2013 text:February from:01/03/2013 till:01/04/2013 text:March from:01/04/2013 till:01/05/2013 text:April from:01/05/2013 till:01/06/2013 text:May from:01/06/2013 till:01/07/2013 text:June from:01/07/2013 till:01/08/2013 text:July from:01/08/2013 till:01/09/2013 text:August from:01/09/2013 till:01/10/2013 text:September from:01/10/2013 till:01/11/2013 text:October from:01/11/2013 till:01/12/2013 text:November from:01/12/2013 till:01/01/2014 text:December On March 6, meteorologists from University College London at TropicalStormRisk.com issued a forecast for the season for above average activity, since sea surface temperatures were expected to be slightly warmer than usual; the group used data by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and compared the potential 28.6 storms to the 30-year average of 26.3. The group raised the number of predicted storms in April to 29.6, and again in early May to 30.5. They ultimately overestimated the number of storms that would form. The Laboratory for Atmospheric Research at the City University of Hong Kong also issued a season forecast in April 2002, predicting 27 storms with a margin of error of 3, of which 11 would become typhoons, with a margin of error of 2. The agency noted a stronger than normal subtropical ridge over the open Pacific Ocean, as well as ongoing El Niño conditions that favored development, but expected below-normal development in the South China Sea. These predictions proved to be largely accurate. During the year, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued advisories on tropical cyclones west of the International Date Line to the Malay Peninsula, and north of the equator, in its role as the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, as designated by the World Meteorological Organization in 1989. The JMA issued forecasts and analyses every six hours starting at midnight UTC using numerical weather prediction (NWP) and a climatological tropical cyclone forecast model. They used the Dvorak technique and NWP to estimate 10-minute sustained winds and barometric pressure.〔 The JTWC also issued warnings on storms within the basin, operating from Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and supplying forecasts to the United States Armed Forces in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The agency moved their backup facility from Yokosuka, Kanagawa in Japan to Monterey, California in 2002. Several meteorologists left the agency near the beginning of the year, although the new forecasters compensated for their inexperience by relying on the consensus of various forecast models. In 2002, the JTWC began experimenting with five-day forecasts.〔 During most of the year, sea surface temperatures were above normal near the equator, and were highest around 160° E from January to July, and in November. Areas of convection developed farther east than usual, causing many storms to develop east of 150° E. The average point of formation was 145.9° E, the easternmost point since 1951. Partially as a result, no tropical storms made landfall in the Philippines for the first time since 1951, according to the JMA. Two storms – Ele and Huko – entered the basin from the Central Pacific, east of the International Date Line. Overall, there were 26 named storms in the basin in 2002, which was slightly below the norm of 26.7. A total of 15 of the 26 storms became typhoons, a slightly higher than normal proportion.〔 The season began early, but did not become active until June, when six storms passed near or over Japan after a ridge weakened.〔 Nine storms developed in July, many of which influenced the monsoon trough over the Philippines to produce heavy rainfall and deadly flooding.〔 The flooding was worst in Luzon, where 85 people were killed. The series of storms caused the widespread closure of schools and offices. Many roads were damaged, and the floods left about $1.8 million (₱94.2 million PHP) in crop damage, largely to rice and corn. Overall damage from the series of storms was estimated at $10.3 million (₱522 million PHP).〔 From June to September, heavy rainfall affected large portions of China, resulting in devastating flooding that killed over 1,500 people and left $8.2 billion (¥68 billion CNY) in damage. During this time, Tropical Storm Kammuri struck southern China with a large area of rainfall that damaged or destroyed 245,000 houses. There were 153 deaths related to the storm, mostly inland in Hunan,〔 and damage totaled $322 million (¥2.665 billion CNY).〔 Activity shifted farther to the east after September, with Typhoon Higos striking Japan in October and Typhoon Pongsona hitting Guam in December.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2002 Pacific typhoon season」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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